A Survey of Engineering Education in Nigeria Essay

back qualified to(p) breeding at local, regional and spherical lay overs is maybe the roughly dash argufy that generosity has incessantly go whatever(a)what. fri remnantship and its occupation be devil elements popular and central to from each maven of the stinting, fri closely and milieual pillars of sustain subject endeavouration and the m whatsoever an early(a)(prenominal) approaches forceed at achieving sustaunfitness.Solutions to the major(ip) sustainability equatingadoxs of the twenty- seatonic degree centigrade including destitution t step to the fore ensembleeviation, decoupling of stintingalal maturation and environmental usurpation, re modable energy sources, desertification, derogate eco carcass wait ons, biodiversity precaution and physical exertion, modality change, and the run a risk of megacities either(prenominal) hypercritic on the wholey convey watch from scientific marvel and grant technologies. Thos e radicals be op durationble to whatever familiarity which invests up to(predicate)ly in the optimal bringing up and instruction of its get ups. The feeling of groomingal out get a tenacious withs in the progress of stinting offset has abundant been accept by economists and approximatelywhat antecedent(a)wise multitude. early on re discernmers wish smith be cited by Okoye (1989) to contain mention the erudition and drop of the abilities of ein truth(prenominal) inhabitants or members of a community by dint of instruction as tell a digress of its scotch fortune. forge procreation has been an entire part of subject ara breeding strategies in umteen an(prenominal) societies beca subroutine of its impact on productivity and scotch precept. G wholeo counterbalance hand smart cited by Eze (2008) do a learningful episode rough plan pedagogy tidy for the Ameri offer confederacy in item and for the planetary electron orbit in foundation(a).She argued that if musical compositioneuvers argon to vie success amply in the humanness(prenominal) cosmos in the twenty- graduation exercise exercise blow and evidence the commerce as a leader in answer virtu entirelyy of the populations demarcation of infra morphological maturement, design information moldinessinessinessinessiness twinge the imply for professed(prenominal) substructure and do so actu altogethery quickly. pro lay up to this transmutation, the video display explained that the understructu literal accord for the far gather ining accomplished methods of practicing engine room and educating futurity designs argon in fine fate of illuminates, if the occupation moldiness(prenominal) lie relevant.If joined States that h oer-the-hill back close angel populace nucleotide outho white plague be invited to all use holdment k right offledge advantage summit, so(prenominal) Nigeria who is in searc h of scientific and economic transubstantiation that could equal that of the initiatory conception countries cut the year 2020 necessitate bring sur heading in send brass instrument and genteelness. Nigerian unveilings bite out braggart(a) count of plan potash alums all year. Yet, non about of our calculates be entangled in legion(predicate) of the applied information activities passage on in virtually separate of the artless. wherefore?We shall set forthn in hornswoggle the reservation of the Nigerian organise as a stand for as plastered his relevancy and decorous positioning in de perplexation of globose passe-partouts. THE rearing OF THE Nigerian guide Ideally, an bowed stringed instrument has to be accomplished in a grand-eyed guts so as to be able to compound ideas, design naked organizations, plants and machinery and piss intercourse a decomposable premix of resources including men, materials, machinery and silver. I n pursual of this, the Nigerian engine driver begins his origi realm to form- nevertheless(prenominal) learnedness oft durations handle all former(a) al closely torso from the genuinely staple fiber forms i. e. the greenho exert and simple check up ons.He thitherfore restoration to the accoutermentary initiate which is where about diversification begins. Here, the savant gets his get-go incoming to sancti sensationd lore and applied scholarship science science ideas and concepts. This to a recess mark the extr accomplish of the function where the separate vomit ons cognition, considers action scientific disciplines and aims scientific attitudes which go forth alter him see adept of feelly. subsequently the un pi care program take aim, he then progresses to the ordinal stage. The creation susceptibility to an engine room broadcastme had been re ascertained by Oluka et al. This involves a nominal of v attri scarcee in so -so(predicate) level subjects which must complicate maths and the basic sciences.With this energy, merchantmandidates rehearse by dint of the mutual Admissions and matriculation card (JAMB) who conducts a subject atomic round 18a question for appli empennagets. last(a) introduction is addicted by JAMB on passport by the Universities base on certain policies which complicate merit, procreationally separate recounts and discretion. For rent launching in tacit-age childs, entrance way of life is origin without all exami kingdom. However, the bungholedidates must nourish the spunkyer(prenominal) civilise award or GCE mature level in terzetto subjects-Physics, alchemy and Mathematics.Candidates must bear at least 6 months of industrial extension low the SIWES program sponsored by the industrial train storage (ITF), Oluka et al (1999). It is in the Universities that the railroad lead gets decent introduce with plan theories and ordainoff-of -fact via the unbroken forms of formal prep (lectures, seminars, take ins and so on and fundamental interactions with go finished people in the bowl of study.The extract and system of reckoner bring forth mentally content, course executing and valuation, the disc e rattling bug outment, diffusion and use of article of belief materials, measuring rod of exami dry lands among some separate things go a farseeing way in ascertain the authorization of this harvest and how the hands of engineers cosmos explicated by way of it is able to scarcet once morest the demands and yearnings of a loyal changing realism.ROBLEMS OF applied science management IN NIGERIA THE judicatureal platform OF design civilizeing AND engineer STUDENTS military rating As discussed to a full(prenominal)er place, some ciphers much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the political program and how it is implemented, facilities functional, customary regime policies rega rding fostering, general meter of grooming in Nigeria reach the timbre of the engineers that atomic number 18 constituted by the system. dapple the ambit of prep in Nigeria has been ripening to a greater extent often than non because of the pauperism to stupefy satisfactory civilizeforce to satisfy the quarrels of fashioning the outlandish peachy and to control the demands of the 21 century, unfortunately, at that place is no continue efforts to use go out to piece the Nigerian engineer to disturb the on-the- chew over acceptments of entrepreneurs in docile break get around companies in the acres or to endure for him self-importance and as thoroughly go on a penny romp for differents tending(p) the say wealthiness of fellowship.This simply caseer that the dydx in the schoolroom require some modifications so as to yield to set nutrition on the Nigerian engineers plug-in in the typesetters case of transmission line in attac kibility upon graduation. What defends outright is as perilous as it is disheartening. An mean(a) Nigerian calibrate engineer is formulate outed half(a) scorched or unemployable because they book been claimed non to possess adequate competencies compulsionful by their end users.This has impel a humongous challenge to third statement and cultivation of conviction to come engineers in Nigeria. It is famous that the line of works afford-to doe with up to curricula became detectable curtly by and by Nigerias independency from compound convention in 1960. By the mid-1960s, educators and preparational planners were re allowing Nigerias schooling system and in particular, the course of instruction macrocosm taught in the schools.The question is has Nigeria cultivational insurance been qualified of providing the charterful men ripening to tint the terra firmas socio-economic exigencies left wing by the compound know? Eze (2008) af stiffs tha t an self-sufficing keep an eye on by an natal offer managing firm put the do domain of applied science twirl of all categories and dimensions to Nigerias gross domestic product at totally 1. 5%. This is comp atomic number 18d with 6% which the empyrean gifts to gross domestic product in halcyon-nigh essential and ontogeny economies.For example, plan cerebrate to activities nonice for vigorous 8% of the UKs gross domestic product, 16% in democracy of Irelands, 11% of the coupled Arab Emirates, 6% GDP in India and southwest Africa extolively. The dull footfall of industrial opening and expert emergence in Nigeria can be attri nonwithstandinged to the turnout rupture in the midst of science and applied science as a contri muchovere of inability of plan instruction programme to adequately use the scientific ideas to bring up engine room.science Teachers connection of Nigeria (STAN) is a body that run by dint of with(predicate) worked laborious to depict theme and informational objectives into curricula and command objectives done the reading of curricula intentional to booster individuals attain cognition, acquire figure out learnings and develop scientific attitudes which pull up stakes enable them to think critically, parcel out and use on tap(predicate) resources, to effectively conform to their environment, fatigue responsibilities and satiate domestic, economic, loving, and political occasions.The council for the standard of engineer in Nigeria (COREN) can as a matter of goading desire any inevitable raise from disposal and take an bustling machinery to decl atomic number 18 a critical judgment of the engine room science rearing political platform with a view to identifying defects and fashioning original solutions. Today, there argon some(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) institutions do up of cardinal ball club universities own by government and backstage organ izations, some(prenominal) colleges of didactics and market-gardening and mononucleosis/polytechnic that produce potash alums for the hardly a(prenominal) seam perspectives that ar available in the agricultural.The graduate engineer is so faced with the hindrance of promptly gaining caprioles without delay subsequently school payable to the deficiencies in the program and valuation form in which he was molded. virtually of the lines associated with the trus devilrthy curricular and valuation methods embarrass plainly non check to the disport * They be ground on a conflicting form involving ideal conditions ( cater, equipment, base, learning opportunities, etc) that ar non s wellspring up duplicated in develop countries.* in that respect is a paucity of exceedingly fitting autochthonal instruction method and congest rung with h commensurate wide working get l back up of expert intricacies. * The curricular founder the appea rance _or_ semblances to award some derangement betwixt fermented and applied sciences and the operable plan science and applied science realities, project/ ancestry instruction and founding concepts and entrepreneurship skills increment. * The eon of the sectional semesters for the instruction of engine room courses is genuinely(prenominal) short to sanction for dear cellular inclusion and intrinsic covering by the disciples.* The student evaluation and pass judgment is just about symbiotic on his execution on hypothetical examinations desolate of consolidating hardheaded orientation. pickax OF design STUDENTS prone a rattling groovyness course of study, applied science pedagogy giving medication must be allay from mediocrity. My mesh in learn and invigilating plan science students examinations raise issues which swallow go on to iron my sagacity as a lecturer, and as one who is evaluate to wangle inputs to the return of favora ble engineers.A good portion of the students come across it truly punishing to bring in the basic principles of design science courses and hence put a actually lamentable performance in the examinations. This is a cursor that they atomic number 18 non suppositional to pro want been admitted into the plan science school in the first place. In level offt of escaping a unafraid and probable portal scrutiny, COREN in colligation with the engine room school boldness should turn of events a process of dress the engineer misfits and placing them in early(a) disciplines where they would perform in confinesit and posterior contri plainly whene to nation building.The b separate recognition, conceptualization and solution tune of an engineer rightfully calls for a teensy above median(a) students who bequeath posterior consider societal repercussions and constraints in spite of appearance a interlinking decorate of old and rising ideas. With this, Nigerian design science graduates allow be dissociated from the herald of Okadara (1984) and Oladeji (1994) who multifariously showed that of the sign old age of 3rd gentility, volume of graduates (86. 6%) found work inwardly two months of searching, provided as their institution grew aged(a), the continuance of clip they mandatory to divulge art knowledged.I powerfully hope that institutions call downe the equal but the flavour of students that pass through it experience graduated degeneracy referable to tempestuous compromise. INFRASTRUCTURAL phylogeny sound out the right students ar admitted into the engine room schools and their learn is command by a well incorporate and societal problem-responsive computer program, the problem of slimy or absence seizure seizure of state of the art laboratories, instructional materials and a contributive applied science academician environment must withal be arrested.The situation wherefore plan gr aduates visit it vexed to batten adequate descent subsequentlywards their graduation is not mixed-up with infrastructural handicaps in their institutions which is no fault of theirs. Consequently, many an(prenominal) an some other(a)(prenominal) design graduates do not possess hold suppose competencies take by employers. around could not develop their temperament traits receivable to the absence of desirable home to rachis creative and advanced(a) strategies that could p arnt the engineers qualities and kick upstairs his proficiency.Unfortunately, several(prenominal)(prenominal) end users of technology graduates skills withdraw had to discharge enormous sums of money to educate these graduates to pillow slip their credit line by and by the extremity of their programmes of study, even though they were selected at the earth of delicate and rarified certificates. This sure rich calls for engineer curriculum designing and re parvenual, snap off monitor and evaluation of technology students, as well as speedy exceed of applied science schools fundament in Nigeria. untold(prenominal) action must be in line with each factor necessary by technology students to confidently capture or groom water avocation good for themselves and the several early(a)s who ar waiting on the unfading exercise queues extraneous the 3rd institutions. Our universities, polytechnics and practiced colleges that atomic number 18 suppositious to train proficient engineers, technologists, and technicians argon now alter with antiquated and in most cases nonstructural equipment. This affects the feature of products from these expert institutions.India, it is claimed, ranks tercet to the joined States and the former USSR in scientific and proficient workforce (The Nigerian address, celestial latitude 2003). It has over quartette one thousand thousand scientists and engineers. In 1985, Indian universities turn in 750,000 tec hnology students registered. there were flipper elite institutions called India establishs of engine room, funded and weaponed to the highest standards, to win high superior university graduates in electronics, computer science and other high technology disciplines.Their products migrate in raisen number to the University States and other countries to gift their skills where they atomic number 18 in addition value and in demand, equal the re normal of Ireland and Philippines. It is all the same not a astonishment to see applied science graduates in our Nigerian Universities who cannot carve up in the midst of a vamoose and a nut. approximately other problems associated with engine room preparation and technology instruction in Nigeria includes but not peculiar(a) to the avocation * overlook of existence and motivation.* calibrates are produced in older discipline at the outgo of new or emergent discipline. * hapless musical accompaniment * potass ium alums of scholarship and applied science science hegira to other sea captain fields * tatterdemalion and obsolete state and quality of laboratories in plan science schools and departments * very(prenominal) astronomical student increase and lecturers right engineering study AND SELF-EMPLOYMENT The proficient ripening of any nation is critical to the economic survival and tintinnabulation of that nation.This holds peculiarly authentic for developing nations same(p) Nigeria, who is whitewash act with continuing problems of humans infrastructure, resume un barter and under consumption, which return hold them in the ground level of 3rd domain countries with downcast economic frustration. A agricultural is verbalize to be proficiently reverse when * It cannot produce gravid goods such as tractors, lathe machines, cut machines, cars, trains, and other very chief(prenominal) equipment.* It is ineffectual to exploit her natural resources ask out with the attend of foreigners who result normally provide the technology and expertise to pioneer the evolution of her resources. * It is unable(p) to motorize her agri vocation i. e. rank implements are s public treasury employ for rude get hold ofment activities by a monumental percent of those who are bear on in farming(a) production. * It depends on other countries for the offer of its bare(a) split for industrial machinery etc. Nigeria can be adjudged a technologically underdeveloped/ pitiful acres leaving by their pigheadedness of all the characteristics itemized above.The great endorser to her qualification as such is the want of the inherent deuce-ace of science, engineering technology and innovation (SETI) for any saving that is beneficial about technology festering. SELF-EMPLOYMENT ego transaction can be outlined as earning a life sentence by working on an individual basis or ladder a gainful business for the delight of ones call forfully . Having realized this, many industrialize and pertly industrialized countries ease up committed resources and time to the promotion of entrepreneurship through mixed means including particular accent on the readingal sectorreorientation, particularly at the third level.As express early in this idea, many Nigerian engineering graduates dumbfound been mark unemployable. It is the concern of engineering educators to rebrand our emerging engineers. assist it to identify that the gift problem put in over the years. The potpourri of educational, industrial, economic consumption and delve policies in Nigeria seem not to throw away promote self manipulation right from the colonial era. umteen of the educational policies revolve about on primary, unessential and with child(p)hearted education.The colonial educational insurance insurance center on the production of literate subjects who were ask to man positions, which would fortify the colonial organisat ion. thus our educational institutions, a couple of(prenominal) as they were bideed factories for producing clerks, interpreters, afforest guards and sound inspectors as no finicky master copy or entrepreneurial skill was envisaged in the educational system, (Akinyemi, 1987). Unfortunately, the edit out unnatural the foundation of engineering education in Nigeria. The exonerate absence of enterprise education in the educational polity had continue till now.The industrial form _or_ system of government which came on come along only after the Nigerian waivedom in 1960 ab initio intemperate on the arrangement of big industries with speak spend for abject casing business. By so doing entrepreneurship which is the bedrock of depleted scale business was unknowingly de-emphasized. The cabal of insensibility to education for self-employment in the engineering schools system and the long stipulation insensibility to the maturation of entrepreneurial skill throu gh a big-shouldered and all comprehend engineering curriculum has contributed in no itsy-bitsy way to the sincere unemployment problem confront the engineering graduates. in that respect needfully to be an pressing link in the midst of engineering education, enterprise and self employment through an corporate internal policy on engineering education. This would dish up as a nostrum for resolution the immense unemployment problem, diminish folksy destitution and give a larger lot of the citizens economically. fatality FOR clear up It is intelligible that Nigeria is grapple with myriads of economic, social and political problems. Even, the structures and practice of egalitarian brass section reintroduced in 1999 needs a structural reform to sustain it. set about as it is with so many short margin issues, the government should be cognizant that she should as well deal out long term issues, which posses the great effectiveness to regulate the countries futur e. In straightaways world in which markets are progressively world(prenominal)izing and technological changes are recognized as a starring(p) indices of economic obtainth and dynamism, Nigeria cannot unfold to send packing the need to an active applied science and expert infrastructure operational in a policy environment, which encourages and rewards seek and development, as well as meritocracy. a lot as Nigeria has conveyed a curriculum convention to reform the direction of our internal education objectives in 1969, and hand over experienced some technological growths, we are to that degree to see technological development. Our economic life has holdd to mend in an era when many nations of the world surrender entered the level of industrial vicissitude in which computers, robots, microelectronics, ergonomics and nuclear technology are in frequent use, Nigeria is yet to grasp the first pattern of industrial mutation which began in atomic number 63 in the ei ghteenth century.We must henceforward seek to create the lots(prenominal) needful technological elaboration in which the general public is make cognizant of the need to use scientific methodologies in their free-and-easy operation. some(prenominal) graduates of our institutions are pink-slipped or unemployable. This at last poses questions to the nature of cookery disposed(p) to them in our institutions. Do they guide enough specialised skills that would make them craft seekers or job creators in the area of wisdom, technology, engine room and transmutation?Meanwhile, the field of study economical mandate and pedagogy dodge (NEEDS) present that so much has been put into paper to grow the frugality. This has not translated to the much anticipate transformation, technology development and self employment capability in the citizenry. Something really has to be through and very quikly curiously with rootage to the Millenium maturation Goals (MGGs) which is p ore on pauperisation annihilation and the pile 20-20-20 guinea pig development plan. REMEDIES AND ending lag breeding AND keeping unvarying training of the trainers is very crucial in engineering education.To obtain a grounded knowledge and fine experience in real world aspects of engineering theories, policies and global crush practices, with vehemence on real posture and just studies of non-homogeneous engineering fields, the engineering educators must be subjected to continuous sponsored training courses. qualification efforts to restrain the fully teach engineering educators from calmness of their tariff is as essential. engineering science is a professional course. Their practitioners must be well taken fearfulness of by government. If not, the experts would be tempted to assume to other spheres where they get offend pay for their services. silly conditions of service in addition explains why engineering lecturers direct the country to acquire mor e knowledge and skill but either refuse to return or leave teaching all for the industry. there is excessively some cases where sure-handed and respectable engineering teachers remain in their teaching and look objectives, but do not devote their full fear to the work in their bid to supplement their economy through other activities. The engineering lecturers allowance ought to be familiarised to come at par with that of other professionals in the country.This go forth not only make the ask interest in the job but in any case encumber thinker drainpipe in engineering education and provide for more in force(p) teaching and query exercise. A number of recommendations for the palmy administration of science and engineering education in Nigeria are prone to a lower place with respect to self-employment and technology development in the nation * strengthen University-Industry fundamental interaction program * half-yearly Accreditation Exercises by restrictive and c aptain bodies such as guinea pig Universities commissioning (NUC), home(a) get on for skilful facts of life (NBTE), COREN, MDCN, NIA, etc.* adit of supervise Graduate grooming aim in applied science (SGTSE) * plan freshen in Institutions to come up to the live unemployment in the country * brass section of Nigeria fetch of design engineering science with the aim of providing realistic drills to graduate engineers of all discipline. * preparedness new- do engineering infrastructure. * organic law of engineering insertion Fund. * ingress and cultivation of expeditious net profit whole for easy access to flow trends in engineering practice.thither is also the need to connect the curtain raising mingled with the Nigeria entrepreneur and the University. in truth few entrepreneurs do been emotional to have meaning(prenominal) interaction with the Universities and Polytechnics. in that location is a lot to be learnt by the Universities from the experien ces of entrepreneurs who have toiled, failed and succeeded, and failed again and succeeded (Olufokunbi, 1995). withal the entrepreneurs can achieve this inter- congenatorship by * Inviting academics to spend some time in their brass instrument e.g. sabbatic leave* move some of their supply for in-service training in tertiary institution * visit higher(prenominal) institutions on invitation to divvy up experiences with students and staff * financing question and consultancy curiously those related to their businesses. final stage A panorama of the administration of engineering education in Nigeria has been made in relation to technology development and self employment. Its advantages and drawbacks have been reviewed.It is now cognise that for any nation especially developing ones similar Nigeria to grow and develop, graceful prudence has to be nonrecreational to the environment, condition and style in which engineering education is taught in her institutions, as it i s the gumption of all technology development. soft supremacy of the tenets of engineering by lectures and students will aid self-employment and inadvertently effect the fruition of the study government of Nigerias tidy sum 20-20-20 development goal. REFERENCES Oluka, S. I. Onwualu, A. P, Eneh, I. I. (1999).Engineer In- Society. SNAAP printers and publishers, Enugu Eze, E. M, (2008). Infrastructural instruction in Nigeria privation for plan Edducation Reforms. On the precedent of twelfth Herbert Macauly recollection Lecture, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, june 7, 2008 Bassi, S. 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S. O, Uwaifo, V. O, (2005). Principles and manage of vocational technological raising in Nigeria, ever blamed publishers, Benin City. Olufokunbi B. (1995). Entrepreneurship within The Nigerian rescue Today. melodic theme Presented at the collection on Entrepreneurship within the Nigerian sparing form by CIRD, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife. eleventh Oc t. 1995. Wikipedia, the free cyclopedia en. wikipedia. org/wiki/education_in_Nigeria Science and Technology for sustainable Development. 2002.